History of Physical Culture
https://www.kireetjoshiarchives.com/teachers-training/mystery-and-excellence-on-the-human-body/physical-education-in-ancient-india/&page=272
Dhanurveda
Hindu weightlifting: https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bharashrama
Charak Samhita
Lightness, capacity for work, firmness, tolerance to hardship, subsidence of humoral discordance and stimulation of the gastric fire accrue from exercise.
Sushruta Samhita
https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/sushruta-samhita-volume-4-cikitsasthana/d/doc142934.html
What is (popularly) known as physical exercise is (nothing but) a sense of weariness from bodily labour, and it should be taken every day.
After taking physical exercise, the whole body should be shampooed, until it gives rise to a comfortable sensation in the limbs. It makes the body stout and strong, helps the symmetrical growth of the limbs and muscles, improves the complexion and the digestive powers, prevents laziness and makes the body light and glossy, firm and compact. The power of enduring fatigue and weariness and the variations of temperature, thirst, etc., are the virtues which are invariably found to follow in its train. It leads to an undiseased existence and is the best means of reducing corpulency. The enemies of a man habituated to regular physical exercises, dare not molest him through fear (for his strength—D. R.). Imbecility and senile decay never approach him, and the muscles of his body become firm and steady. Diseases fly from the presence of a person, habituated[5] to regular physical exercise and (subsequent) shampooing, just as small beasts do on seeing a lion. It makes an aged and deformed man (young and) good-looking. Food consisting of articles incompatible in their potency, and indigested and decomposed food are easily digested in a man who takes regular physical exercise (and cannot produce any bad effect). Regular physical exercise is (particularly) beneficial to a strong man accustomed to the use of emollient food (abounding in proteid matter), in all seasons of the year; but in the winter and the spring, it is highly (indispensably) necessary for him. A man seeking his own good should take physical exercise every day only to the half extent of his capacity (Valardha), as otherwise it may prove fatal. That amount of exercise which makes the Prana- Vayu come out through the mouth[6] (ie., as soon as hard-breathing would set in), is known as the Valardha exercise. One’s own age, strength, physique and food as well as the season of the year and the physical nature of the country are the factors which should be considered before one began to take physical exercise, as otherwise it might bring on some disease 25. Consumption, hemorrhage (Rakta-pitta), thirst phthisis, aversion to food, vomiting, illusiveness, weariness, fever, cough and asthma are the diseases, which are likely to originate from excessive physical exercise, and is, therefore, forbidden after a meal and the fatigues of sexual intercourse, in a fit of vertigo and in respect of persons suffering from hemorrhage, phthisis, cachexia, cough, asthma and ulcer.